Comparison of Antioxidant Activity of Methanol Extract of Young and Old Leaves of Avocado (Persea americana Mill.)
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Jun 30, 2024
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Abstract
Avocado plants (Persea americana Mill.) are widely grown in tropical and subtropical regions. Avocado leaves contain natural antioxidants for traditional medicine. This study aims to determine the total phenolic content, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity values of young and old avocado leaves, and analyze the relationship between total phenol content and total flavonoids to the antioxidant activity value of avocado leaf methanol extract (Persea americana Mill.). The macerated avocado leaf extract was quantitatively tested for antioxidant activity using the DPPH method and the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were calculated using the Follin-Ciocalteu and Follin-Ciocalteu methods, respectively.The results showed that the highest total phenolic content of old avocado leaves was 1.682,27mg GAE/100g dry weight. The highest total flavonoid content of avocado old leaves was 3.858,96mg QE/100g dry weight. Antioxidant activity of methanol extract of young avocado leaves has a value of IC50 321.32 ± 80.43 ppm and avocado old leaves amounted to 288.54 ± 33.06 ppm. Total flavonoid content was more influential on antioxidant activity, with a correlation coefficient of 0.856
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References
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Verdiana, M., Widarta, I. W. R., Gede, I. D., and Permana, M. (2018). Effect of Solvent Type in Ultrasonic Wave Extraction on Antioxidant Activity of Lemon Fruit Peel Extract (Citrus limon (Linn.) Burm F.). Journal of Food Science and Technology, 7(4), 213-222.
Waji, Resi A. and Andis Sugrani. (2009). Paper Organic Natural Materials Flavonoids (Quercetin). Makassar: FMIPA Hasanudin University.
Widarta, I.W.R., and Arnata I.W. (2017). Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of avocado leaf bioactive components at various solvent types and concentrations. Agritech Journal, 37(2), 148-157.
Widarta, I. W. R, and Wiadnyani. A. A. I. S. (2019). Effect of Drying Method on Antioxidant Activity of Avocado Leaf. Journal of Food Technology Applications, 8 (3), 80-85.
Alam, M. N., Bristi, N. J., and Rafiquzzaman, M. (2013). Review on In Vivo and In Vitro Methods Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 21(2), 143-152.
Anwar, B. (2014). Benefits of Diet in the Management of Hypercholestrol. Nutrition Science. Faculty of Medicine. Medan: University of North Sumatra.
Amanto, B. S., T. N. Aprilia, &A. Nursiwi. (2020). Effect of Blanching Time and Leaf Plucking Formula on Physical, Chemical, and Sensory Characteristics of Tin Leaf Tea (Ficus carica). Journal of Agricultural Product Technology, 12 (1).
Central Bureau of Statistics and Directorate General of Horticulture. (2021). Avocado Fruit Production in Indonesia in 2021. BPS. Jakarta.
Badriyah, L., and Farihah, D. A. (2022). Extraction analysis of shallot skin (Allium cepa L.) using maceration method. Journal of Synthesis, 3 (1), 30-37.
Chun, O.K., Kim D.O., and Lee C.Y. (2003). Superoxide radical scavenging activity of the major polyphenols in fresh plums. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.
Cordell, A. F. (1981). Introduction to Alkaloids. New York: John Wiley And Sons Inc.
Farhoosh, R., G. A. Golmovahhed, and M. H. H. Khodaparast. (2007). Antioxidant activity of various extracts of old tea leaves and black tea wastes (Camellia sinensis L.). Food Chemistry, 100, 231 - 236.
Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia. (2017). Second edition. Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia.
Felicia, N., Widarta, I. W. R., and Yusasrini, N. L. A. (2016). Effect of leaf age and processing method on antioxidant activity and sensory characteristics of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) leaf powder herbal tea. ITEPA Journal, 5(2), 85-94.
Guo, J. T., Lee, H. L., Chiang, S. H., Lin, F. I., and Chang, C. Y. (2001). Antioxidant properties of the extracts from different parts of broccoli in Taiwan. Journal Food Drug Anal, 9(2), 96-101.
Hayati, E. K., U. S. Budi, and R. Hermawan. (2012). Concentration of Total Anthocyanin Compound of Rosellla Flower Petal Extract (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.): Effect of Temperature and pH. Journal of Chemistry, 6(2), 138-147.
Izzreen, N.Q., and M. Fadzelly. (2013). Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Properties of Different Parts of Camellia sinensis leaves from Sabah Tea Plantation in Sabah, Malaysia. IFJR, 20(1), 307-312.
Kuntorini, E. M, Fitriana, S., and Astuti, M. A. (2013). Anatomical Structure and Antioxidant Activity Test of Methanol Extract of Kersen Leaf (Muntingia calabura). Proceedings of Semirata FMIPA University of Lampung. Lampung: University of Lampung.
Malik, A., and Ahmad, AR. (2015). Determination of phenolic and flavonoid contents of ethanolic extract of kanunang leaves (Cordia myxa L.). International Journal of PharmTech Research, 7(2), 243-246.
Molyneux, P. (2004). The Use of the Stable Free Radical Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) for estimating the antioxidant activity of Songklanakarin. Journal Sci. Technol, 26 (2), 211-219.
Mu'nisa, A., H. Pagarra, and A. Muflihunna. (2011). Antioxidant Capacity Test of Sukun Leaf Extract and Flavanoids. Thesis. Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Makassar State University.
Nugraha, T., Kiki, M., & Kodir, A. R. (2016). Antioxidant Activity Test on Different Fraction and Determination of Total Flavonoid Content of Jalantir (Erigeron sumatrensis Retz.) Leaves from West Java Indonesia Antioxidant Activity Test on Different Fraction and Determination of Flavonoid. Journal of Pharmacy, 2(2), 755-762.
Paramawati, R., and Dumilah, HDR. (2016). The Miraculous Properties of Avocado Leaf. Jakarta: Penebar Swadaya.
Rachmatiah, T., Daud, J. J., and Artanti, N. (2022). Antioxidant Activity, Toxicity, Total Phenol and Flavonoid Compound Content of Leilem Leaves (Clerodendrum minahassae Teijsm & Bima). Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 15 (1), 35-43.
Suyatmi, Saleh, C., and Pratiwi, D. R. (2019). Phytochemical Test and Antioxidant Activity Test (DPPH Method) of Rambai Leaf (Baccaurea motleyana Mull. Arg.). Atomic Journal, 04 (2), 96-99.
Talapessy, S., Suryanto, E., and Yudistira, A. (2013). Antioxidant Activity Test of Sago (Metroxylon sagu Rottb) Processing Dregs. Scientific Journal of Pharmacy UNSRAT, 2(3), 40-44.
Tehubijuluw, H., Watuguly, T., and Tuapattinaya, P. M. (2018). Analysis of Flavonoid Levels in Seagrass (Enhalus acoroides) Leaf Tea Based on Leaf Aging Level. Journal of Biopendix, 05 (1): 01-07.
Tersono, A.L. (2008). Medicinal Plants and Juices to Overcome Heart Disease, Hypertension, Cholesterol, and Stroke. Jakarta: Agromedia Pustaka. Page: 92.
Tristantini, D., Ismawati, A., Pradana, B. T., Gabriel, J., and Jonathan (2016). Antioxidant Activity Testing Using DPPH Method on Cape Leaves (Mimusops elengi L). Proceedings of the National Seminar on Chemical Engineering "Kejuangan," 5.
Verdiana, M., Widarta, I. W. R., Gede, I. D., and Permana, M. (2018). Effect of Solvent Type in Ultrasonic Wave Extraction on Antioxidant Activity of Lemon Fruit Peel Extract (Citrus limon (Linn.) Burm F.). Journal of Food Science and Technology, 7(4), 213-222.
Waji, Resi A. and Andis Sugrani. (2009). Paper Organic Natural Materials Flavonoids (Quercetin). Makassar: FMIPA Hasanudin University.
Widarta, I.W.R., and Arnata I.W. (2017). Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of avocado leaf bioactive components at various solvent types and concentrations. Agritech Journal, 37(2), 148-157.
Widarta, I. W. R, and Wiadnyani. A. A. I. S. (2019). Effect of Drying Method on Antioxidant Activity of Avocado Leaf. Journal of Food Technology Applications, 8 (3), 80-85.